PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.